Cloud seeding aircraft dispersing flares over mountain range
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US Cloud Seeding Operations Tracker

Track cloud seeding aircraft, monitor active programs, and explore comprehensive data on weather modification operations across the United States.

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Operators

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Aircraft Types

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Chemicals

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Active Programs

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Active Flights

N260HS
active

Beechcraft King Air

Sierra Nevada Snowpack Program

21,000 ft
247 kts
173°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideKIPotassium IodideCO₂ (solid)Dry Ice
HumanSoilWildlife
XCN81
returning

Modified Twin Turboprop

Precipitation Enhancement - California

13,250 ft
262 kts
163°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideAgIO₃Silver IodateKIPotassium Iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
N991GT
active

Beechcraft King Air

Precipitation Enhancement - California

10,200 ft
226 kts
335°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideAgIO₃Silver IodateKIPotassium Iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
ATN3300
returning

Modified Twin Turboprop

Precipitation Enhancement - California

10,050 ft
270 kts
258°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideAgIO₃Silver IodateKIPotassium Iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
00000000
active

Beechcraft King Air

Precipitation Enhancement - California

12,525 ft
223 kts
301°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideAgIO₃Silver IodateKIPotassium Iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
N194TR
active

Beechcraft King Air

Cloud Seeding Research Flight - North Dakota

20,000 ft
232 kts
294°
North Dakota
Chemicals (2)
AgISilver IodideBiI₃Bismuth Tri-iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
N407TK
active

Cessna / Piper Turboprop

Cloud Seeding Research Flight - Wyoming

9,250 ft
159 kts
111°
Wyoming
Chemicals (2)
AgISilver IodideBiI₃Bismuth Tri-iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
FFT2016
active

Modified Twin Turboprop

Sierra Nevada Snowpack Program

14,825 ft
356 kts
90°
California
Chemicals (3)
AgISilver IodideKIPotassium IodideCO₂ (solid)Dry Ice
HumanSoilWildlife
RKJ16
returning

Beechcraft King Air

Fog Dispersal / Low-level Seeding - California

5,950 ft
236 kts
313°
California
Chemicals (3)
NaClSodium ChlorideCaCl₂Calcium ChlorideC₃H₈Liquid Propane
HumanSoilWildlife
N3221M
returning

Cessna / Piper Turboprop

Fog Dispersal / Low-level Seeding - Colorado

6,200 ft
140 kts
359°
Colorado
Chemicals (3)
NaClSodium ChlorideCaCl₂Calcium ChlorideC₃H₈Liquid Propane
HumanSoilWildlife
CSB594
returning

Beechcraft King Air

Cloud Seeding Research Flight - Colorado

8,475 ft
210 kts
267°
Colorado
Chemicals (2)
AgISilver IodideBiI₃Bismuth Tri-iodide
HumanSoilWildlife
FLC78
active

Beechcraft King Air

Fog Dispersal / Low-level Seeding - Colorado

6,750 ft
193 kts
237°
Colorado
Chemicals (3)
NaClSodium ChlorideCaCl₂Calcium ChlorideC₃H₈Liquid Propane
HumanSoilWildlife

Chemicals Currently Being Dispersed

Full Database
Silver IodideAgI

Dispersed by: N260HS, XCN81, N991GT, ATN3300, 00000000, N194TR, N407TK, FFT2016, CSB594

Human: At typical cloud seeding concentrations (nanograms per liter in precipitation), silver iodide poses minimal risk to huma...
Soil: Silver deposited from cloud seeding accumulates over time. While concentrations measured near seeding areas are typicall...
Wildlife: Aquatic organisms are most sensitive to silver. Fish and invertebrates can be affected at very low concentrations. Wildl...
Potassium IodideKI

Dispersed by: N260HS, XCN81, N991GT, ATN3300, 00000000, FFT2016

Human: Potassium iodide is generally safe at cloud seeding concentrations. It is widely used in medicine (thyroid protection). ...
Soil: KI has minimal soil impact. Potassium is a natural soil nutrient, and iodide levels from cloud seeding are typically wel...
Wildlife: KI is one of the safest cloud seeding additives for wildlife and livestock. Iodine is an essential nutrient, and seeding...
Dry IceCO₂ (solid)

Dispersed by: N260HS, FFT2016

Human: Dry ice is one of the safest cloud seeding agents from an environmental toxicity perspective. Primary risks are occupati...
Soil: Dry ice has essentially no negative soil impact. It sublimates to carbon dioxide, which is naturally present in soil and...
Wildlife: Dry ice is the most environmentally benign cloud seeding agent. Risks to animals are negligible outside of extremely unl...
Silver IodateAgIO₃

Dispersed by: XCN81, N991GT, ATN3300, 00000000

Human: Silver iodate is more acutely hazardous than silver iodide due to its oxidizing nature. Workers handling flares face the...
Soil: Shares the soil contamination profile of silver iodide, with additional concerns from the oxidizing iodate component and...
Wildlife: Toxicity profile similar to silver iodide with additional oxidizer concerns. Most relevant for wildlife near active flar...
Bismuth Tri-iodideBiI₃

Dispersed by: N194TR, N407TK, CSB594

Human: Bismuth is considered one of the least toxic heavy metals. BiI₃ was specifically developed as a less toxic alternative t...
Soil: Lower soil toxicity than silver iodide. Bismuth is relatively inert in soil environments and has minimal impact on soil ...
Wildlife: BiI₃ was developed specifically as a less environmentally harmful alternative to AgI. Toxicity data is more limited, but...
Sodium ChlorideNaCl

Dispersed by: RKJ16, N3221M, FLC78

Human: Sodium chloride is one of the most benign seeding agents. Environmental concentrations from seeding are trivial compared...
Soil: Salt from cloud seeding is generally insignificant compared to natural deposition and irrigation-related salinity. Howev...
Wildlife: Minimal animal impact. The quantities dispersed in cloud seeding are tiny relative to natural and agricultural salt sour...
Calcium ChlorideCaCl₂

Dispersed by: RKJ16, N3221M, FLC78

Human: CaCl₂ is more irritating than table salt but environmental concentrations from cloud seeding are extremely low. Primary ...
Soil: Calcium chloride has minimal negative soil impact at cloud seeding concentrations. Calcium can actually be beneficial to...
Wildlife: Very low risk to animals. CaCl₂ from cloud seeding adds negligible amounts to the environment compared to natural minera...
Liquid PropaneC₃H₈

Dispersed by: RKJ16, N3221M, FLC78

Human: Propane is primarily an occupational hazard (fire, explosion, asphyxiation). Once dispersed in the atmosphere, it poses ...
Soil: Propane has no soil impact from cloud seeding operations. It evaporates completely....
Wildlife: Propane is environmentally benign for cloud seeding purposes. All risks are limited to the immediate area around ground-...

Aircraft Fleet

15 tracked aircraft types

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Operators

10 active companies

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Chemicals

10 seeding agents

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Programs

9 active states

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Active State Programs

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Effectiveness

5-15%

Estimated seasonal precipitation increase from cloud seeding programs

Colorado River Basin

7 States

Cooperative cloud seeding program serving 40 million people

Regulation

9 States

With active, state-sanctioned cloud seeding programs in the US