Chemicals & Materials

Glaciogenic (cold-cloud) agent

Acts as ice nucleus (IN) due to crystalline lattice structure similar to natural ice. Induces freezing of supercooled water droplets.

Glaciogenic precursor

Found in pyrotechnic flare compositions. Combusts to produce silver iodide aerosol.

Glaciogenic (cold-cloud) agent

Works through homogeneous nucleation. Extremely cold temperature (~-80°C) causes surrounding air to become supersaturated with respect to ice, leading to spontaneous formation of ice crystals from water vapor.

Glaciogenic (cold-cloud) agent

Acts as an ice-nucleating agent similar to silver iodide for seeding supercooled clouds.

Hygroscopic (warm-cloud) agent

Acts as giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), attracting water vapor to form large droplets faster than natural processes. Larger droplets collide and merge via collision-coalescence process.

Hygroscopic (warm-cloud) agent

Acts as giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), readily attracts water molecules to accelerate droplet formation through collision-coalescence.

Glaciogenic agent

Expands and cools rapidly upon release, producing ice crystals at temperatures higher than silver iodide can achieve.

Glaciogenic agent

Ice-nucleating agent, alternative to silver iodide.

Experimental agent

Can form particles that act as condensation nuclei.

Pyrotechnic additive

Halogenated organic compound believed to improve effectiveness of primary seeding agents in flare compositions.